Diagnosis and Prevention of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by bacterial accumulation beneath the gumline, which progressively destroys the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and the alveolar bone. It typically begins as gingivitis, characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums, especially during brushing or flossing. At this initial stage, the condition is largely reversible with appropriate intervention.

The primary cause of gingivitis is inadequate oral hygiene, which leads to the buildup of plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—on the teeth. However, several other factors such as smoking, diabetes, stress, genetic predisposition, and certain medications can contribute to the onset and progression of periodontal disease.

Under the expert guidance of a European Board-Certified Periodontist like Dr. Fahad Zafar, early diagnosis and targeted treatment can halt the disease and restore gum health. Clinical assessment typically involves periodontal probing, radiographic analysis, and evaluation of plaque levels.

Prevention remains the cornerstone of periodontal care. A combination of regular dental check-ups, professional deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), and daily oral hygiene practices—including brushing twice a day, flossing, and using antimicrobial mouth rinses—plays a vital role in maintaining periodontal health. Early detection and proactive management significantly reduce the risk of tooth loss and systemic complications linked to advanced periodontitis.